Class IC antiarrhythmics

FEP
F - flecainide
E - encainide
P - propafenone

[no effect on APD]

Class III antiarrhythmics

SIBA (not the Ciba series)
S - sotalol
I - ibutilide
B - bretylium
A - amiodarone

[K block-increase APD, ERP, QT]

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Beta 1 selective blockers

"A -BEAM "

acebutalol
betaxolol
esmolo
atenolol
metoprolol

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ABCD
ALPHA= CONSTRICTION
BETA= DILATION
ONLY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR

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1) drugs that cause gynocomastia:
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers
Spironolactone, Digitalis, Cisplatin? Alcohol Ketoconazole

2) Drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis:
BAB like in baba (father)
Bleomycin
Amiodarone
Busulfan

3) Drugs that cause hepatic necrosis:
HAVe [b]
Halothane
Acetaminophen (liquefactive necrosis)
Valproic Acid
empty

4) Drugs causing Agranulocytosis:
[B] C^3 (C cubed)
Clozapine
Colcicine
Carbamazepine

5) Drugs for all types of seizures, except petit mal:
CaPhe like in cafe in french
CArbamazepine
PHEnytoin/phenobarbital

6) Drugs for petit mal seizures:
ValEt
Valproic Acid
Ethosuximide

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VANCOMYCIN

A Red Van Drove Into The Wall

A = antihistamines (prevent of red man syndrome)
R = red man syndrome (diffuse flushing)
V= vancomycin
D = D-ala D ala
I = inhibitor
T = thrombophlebitis
W = cell wall

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Inhibitors:

I-C(see) KEGS "going down"

I- INH
C- Cimetidine

K- Ketoconazole
E- Erythromycin
G- Grapefruit
S- Sulfonamides

Inducers:

Boston Redsox Gotta Play Quality Competitions "to go up"

B- Barbituates
R- Rifampin
G- Griseofulvin
P- Phenytoin
Q- Quinidine
C- Carbamazepine

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DNA VIRUSES (6)
Pop A Potatoe (p=papova, a=adeno, p=parvo)
Hot Hot Potatoe (h=herpes, h=hepadna, p=pox)
*Pox says "OX (kisses and huges from the ox on p-ox) I’m going to the cytoplasm to replicate unlike the rest of you nuclear replicating DNAviruses".
*Meanwhile, parvo the pervert is playing with his single strand (all others double).

RNA+ VIRUSES (7)–on the "+ partying tip"
Really Feel Tiny C. C.’s Raging Passion (R=retro, F=flavi, T=toga, C=corona, C=calici, R=reo, P=picorna)
*Remember the Duran Duran song? "Her name is Reo and she double strand (or "dance across the sand")
*I say they are on the + party tip because: retro music parties, with lots of flavor, wearing togas and drinking coronas, they’re from cali and reo de janiero, and the "raging passion" is kind of like a picorna-graphic film..
Unlike the - party people we are about to meet….

Can you make it a little more with me!? Here we go

RNA - VIRUSES–the - (negative) party bunch
"BARF POD" (B=bunya, A=arena, R=rhabdo, F=filo, P=Paramyxo, A=arena, D=delta)
*OK, these people get together in Filo-delphia in an Arena & include some expensive Playboy Buny’s, djs to make you move your bones–ortho and para-mix-o allnight…But someone brings dogs and it has rabbies, and these people are all so "sharp" and "edgy" with the dogs barking –like a delta triangle.

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T.B ’s main target is the lungs , therefore it mostly affects your RESPIration.

RESPIration

Rifampicin
Ethambutol
Streptomycin
Pyrazinamide
Isoniazid

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Queen Barb takes Phen-Phen and Refuses to take Greasy Carb and Alcohol.
Quinidine
Barbiturates
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
Alcohol

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good pnemonic for inhibitors of p450:

IC(see) KEGS (going down)
INH, Cimetidine, Ketoconazole, Erythromycin,Grapefruit,Sulfonamides
after some debating I would add Quinidine to this list.

1)Guys not everyone has it but try to be creative like this.
2)IC KEGS {Its short and simple and sweet}
3)Memorize inhibitors makes it easier to NOT memorize inducers.
4)Its not tortuous
5)Notice the going down part implies "to inhibit"
6)Something like-He walked twenty yards turned his head and put up his thumb is too disassociated, tortuous and meandering.
7)Basically, you’re thinking of a keg(a keg is a unit of beer) going down!
8)Just some of my deeper thoughts

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BETA beats everyone except BUB to work fast and efficient

every one means -

heart - all positive effects
kidney- increse renin release
liver - increased glucose production
pancreas- increased insulin production
skeletal muscles- incrased contactility

except BUB

B- Blood vessels
U- Uterus
B- bronchioles[/b]

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PLATINum CYCLE
MUST Be IN
MECHanical
PROtection

Platins(cis and carbo)
CYCLOphoshamide,
MUST B IN Bus MUSTIN(car and lo)
MECHlorethamine
PROcarbazine

All these are CCNS( cell cycle non-specific)
ALKYLATING AGENTS

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LITHIUM

Lithium/ leukocytosis
Inhibits PIP2, cAMP, 5′ deiodinase
Teratogenic / Thiazide contraindicated as it increases reabsorption
Hypothyroidism/ Hyponatremia increases toxicity
Insipidus (Nephrogenic diabetes) Give Amiloride
visUal dysfunction
Movement disorders: CATS(Choreoathetosis, Ataxia, Tremors, Seizures) movements

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if the patient is pregnant FASTly get away from the following…they are CE (contrendicated !)

Floroqoinolones

Aminoglycosides

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines

Clarythromycine

Erythromycin estolate

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dont use ’safe ct’ in pregnancy

s-sulfonamide
a-aminoglycoside
f-flouroquinolones
e-erythromycin
c-clarithromycin
t-tetracyclin

ANGINA :

1. Stable … mnemonic SS (strain, subendocardial ischemia)

2. PrinzmeTal … P (periodic /episodic pain at rest ), Transmural ischemia
ex: pt wakes up with chest pain

3.USA … Uncontrollable pain at rest (i.e. recurrent pain), related to plaque rupture/ulceration/hemorrhage

USA..got high risk of M.I.

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VINDICATE

V-vascular
I-infectious
N-neoplasia
D-drugs
I-idiopathic
C-congenital
A-anoxia/acidbase imbalance/auto immune
T-trauma/toxins
E-ethyl alcohol, endocrine

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TD. AREEC or REED CAT

T-Thymine
D-dimers
A-Autosomal
R-recessive
E-*excision endonuclease
E-extreme UV sensitivity
C-corneal ulceration

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A girls name not casi
but "TASI"

T-thalasemia
A-anemia of chronic ds
S-sideroblastic anemia(least common)
I-iron deficiency anemia**

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cardiomyopathies make the heart HARD

H - Hypertrophic
A - Arrythmogenic right ventricular
R - Restrictive
D - Dilated

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IP3 mechanism -
1. All hormones produced by hypothalamus - i.e. all the Releasing hormones, oxytocin and ADH - [except CRH]
2. All hormones causing contractions [remember that IP3 causes Ca+ increase which is required for contraction] - this includes Angiotensin, Alpha-1 receptors and muscarinic receptors [pupil contraction]- also Oxytocin fits here [uterine contraction] and vasopressin

Tyrosine kinase - All hormones that are "growth Factors" and Insulin

cGMP - is easy : all these are secreted by the vascular system: ANP. EDRF & NO

cAMP mechanism:
All hormones that are not steroids and thyroid and that don’t fit in above logic

steroid hormones - this one is real easy and needs no memory aid

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CPS = Cells Precpitating Slowly

C = Congestive Cardiac Failure
P = Polycythemia vera
S = Sickle Cell Disease

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HLA-DR

H - Hashimoto
L - sLE
A - Addisons
D - Diabetes [2], Dermatitis herpetiformis
R - Rheumatoid Arthitis

HLA-B

P - Psoriasis
A - Ankylosing Spondylitis
I - Inflammatory bowel disease
R - Reiters syndrome

One more thing about HLAs - Class II MHC diseases are more common in women - so HLADRs are more common in women - whereas Class I MHC diaseases are more common in men - e.g. Ankylosing Spondylitis

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Heres a real easy way of remembering Thyroid tumors-
1.Papillary Thyroid tumor —— 5Ps
Popular
Palpable Lymph nodes
Positive I (131) uptake
Positive Prognosis
Post radiation in head and neck(cause)
2.Follicular tumor————– Fs
Female
Faraway metastasis
Favorable prognosis
3.Medullary tumor————- Ms
MEN association (2a,2b)[/b]
Median node dissection
aMyloid
Also remember the Lymphoma is most commonly associated with Hashimotto’s Thyroiditis
POSTCARDS

Pyelonephritis

Obstruction of urinary tract

Sickle cell hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell trait

Tuberculosis

Cirrhosis of the liver, chronic alcoholism

Analgesic abuse

Renal transplant rejection, radiation

Diabetes mellitus

Systemic vasculitis

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Platelet Aggregation Agonists = PET CAT

P = PAF or platelet activation factor

E = Epinephrine

T = Thrombin

C= Collagen

A = ADP or adenosine diphosphate

T = Thromboxane A2

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Symptoms of Carcinoid Syndrome

They are sometimes quite hard to rember, because they seem unrelated: diarrhea, flushing, diseases of the right heart valves and bronchospasm.

So imagine a toilet with this sign on it:

When in DIARRHEA:

Please FLUSH

using the RIGHT VALVE

to avoid BRONCHOSPASM

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Microcytic Anemia is a disfunction of hemoglobin–agreed. Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) can be considered to be both microcytic and normocytim (low reticulocyte count). However, its more important to understand why that is the case.

During a chronic inflammation (microbial or RA)… the microbes love to iron, so your body reacts by locking all of its iron within the macrophage and loosing the key (analogy used by Edward F. Goljan, MD)…

the good news is that the microbe does not get any iron

the bad news is that your body doesn’t get iron either, which reduces the amount of heme (no iron, no heme), which reduces the amount of hemoglobin. hence, microcytic anemia.

Anemia of Chronic Diseases (lab values)
MCV low
Serum Iron low
TIBC low
% Saturation low
Serum Ferritin HIGH

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PTEW7

like something is disgusting P-TEEEEW!!!!!!! (with 7 exclamation marks or something…

PT
Extrinsic
Warfarin
VII is the only factor exclusive to extrinsic

and the "21’s"

5q21 = apc
15q21= marfans
17q21= BRCA1
18q21= DCC
Xq21= duchenes

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Diagnosis:

D - Diabetes ( Sugar > 250 mg%)
K - Ketonemia , Ketonuria
A - Acidosis (pH<7.2, Bicarb < 15) ; Anion Gap High

Features:

D - Delirium, Dehydration
K - Kussmaul Breathing, Ketotic Breath
A - Abd.Pain

Precipitors:

S - Sepsis
S - Skipped Insulin
S - Start of Diabetes
S - Surgery
S - Substance Abuse (Alcohol, Cocaine)
S - Stress

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for important translocations
1. the letter T= is associated with number 14
3.F is written like T so =14
4.M = 11 (if you put the two 1’s very close it will look like an "M")
5.W=means double of everything (double of 1:11, double of 11:22)
6.K= 9(remember the dog :K-9)
7.B=8 (they are written very simmilarly)
8.14th cromosome has the heavy chain of Ig

according to those:
-Burkiitt(8urkitt) : t(8 14) c-myc /IgH
=as you know burkitt makes very big masses (big man) but is associated with c-myc think of myc as micro form of smt..n
(big burkitt X micro) ***
-T cell ALL : is also has t(8 14) like (burkitt Big TALL man)
-KML (K-9ML):t(9 22) abl/bcr
=remember the alphabet :"abc……klm…" but m and l changes places so this is an odd alphabet..the oncogens abl and bcr reminds me the alphabet too.. so KML is abl/bcr…m is supposed to be 11 but here is an exceptionm means 22 because kml is odd
-Ewing: it has w!double of everything t(11 22)
-MANTLE : m is 11 and t is 14 t(11 14) cyclin d (think of a recycled mantle)
-AML: (A is written like and 4 M is 11) so it is t(4 11) (but not for ALL!!!)
-Follicular B cell lymhhoma: f=14 B=8 t(14 IgH/bcl-2

for myc
N-myc and L-myc not translocation!!! amplification
N:Neuroblastome
L:small cell Lung ca

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Acute ischemia: signs [especially limbs]
6 P’s:
Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Paraesthesia
Perishingly cold

——————————————–

Hypertension: secondary hypertension causes
CHAPS:
Cushing’s syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism [aka Conn's syndrome]
Aorta coarctation
Phaeochromocytoma
Stenosis of renal arteries
� Note: only 5% of hypertension cases are secondary, rest are primary.

———————————-

MI: sequence of elevated enzymes after MI
"C-AST-Le" (castle):
CK-MB first
AST second
LDH third
� Also: can use the last ‘E’ for ESR.

—————————–

Atherosclerosis risk factors
"You’re a SAD BET with these risk factors":
Sex: male
Age: middle-aged, elderly
Diabetes mellitus
BP high: hypertension
Elevated cholesterol
Tobacco

———————————

Blood disorders: commoner sex
HE (male) gets:
HEmophilia (X-linked)
HEinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, causing HEmolytic anemia: X-linked)
HEmochromatosis (male predominance)
HEart attacks (male predominance)
HEnoch-Schonlein purpura (male predominance)
SHE (female) gets:
SHEehan’s syndrome

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Normocytic Anemia with LOW Reticulocyte count—ALARM

A—APLASTIC ANEMIA
L—LEUKEMIA/METASTASIS
A—ANEMIA OF CHRONIC DISESE
R—RENAL FAILURE
M–MARROW FAILURE/MYELO FIBROSIS

Normocytic Anemia with HIGH Reticulocyte count—-GASP

G—G6PD DEFICIENCY
A—AIHA
S—SICKLE CELL ANEMIA,SPHEROCYTOSIS
P—PNH

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Kawasaki:

H - hot kid
O - oral ulcers
N - Nodes (lymphadenopathy)
D - Defective Coronaries
A - Acute (febrile), Aspirin (Tx), Aneurysm

Lesch Nyham:
HGPRT Deficiency

H - He’s
G - Got
P - Purine
R - Recovery
T - Trouble

 

where the two types of beta receptors are.
B1 = You have one heart so found in heart
B2 = you have two lungs so found in the bronchi

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Mnemonic GAMED Immunoglobulins
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD

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1) First Im not complaining but these may be facilitators, but none are really pneumonics except rubeness "GAMED".
2) B1 -heart, B2 lungs-should be as automatic like you inhale and exhale.

3)In the last one- info is incomplete since she or he left out emission which is sympathetic(movement of semen to ejaculatory ducts)

Simplified facilitator this is not a pneumonic!:

1)Parasympathetic long word makes it longer -Erection (vessels dilate in
ischiocavernous sinuses for starters)

2)Movement of semen to ejaculatory ducts–(flight flight type-Sympathetic)
This is emission

3)Rhythmic contractions of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus (this is relatively new info)–somatic motor efferents of S2,S3,S4. This is ejaculation

*It appears that in erection vessels dilated in the corpora and ischiocavernous sinuses but contracion occurs in the ischio- and bulbospongiosus muscles which compresses veins!

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1)MAO isoenzyme form locations
� MAO-A in:
Adrenergic peripheral structures
Alimentary mucosa [intestine]
� MAO-B in:
Brain
Blood platelets

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Hyperthyroidism: signs and symptoms
THYROIDISM:
Tremor
Heart rate up
Yawning [fatigability]
Restlessness
Oligomenorrhea & amenorrhea
Intolerance to heat
Diarrhea
Irritability
Sweating
Musle wasting & weight loss

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SHELA FOR FACTORS WHICH INCREASE GROWTH HORMONE

S- SLEEP

H-HYPOGLYCEMIA

E-EXERCISE

L-LEUCINE

A-ARGININE

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FACTORS WHICH INHIBIT INSULIN ARE 2S

S- SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

S-SOMATOSTATIN

FACTORS WHICH INCREASE INSULIN RELEASE 3GA

G-GLUCAGON

G-GIP

G-GLUCOSE

A-AMINO ACID-ARGININ

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MACELLE-contains

M-MONOGLYCERIDES,

A-FATTY ACIDS

Ce-CHOLESTEROL

L-LYSOLECITHIN

L-PHOSPHOLIPID

E-VITAMINE E (+ADEK).

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The 5 W’s For Remembering Common Causes of Fever Post-Operation:
WATER, WIND, WALK, WOUND, & WEIRD DRUGS
WATER = urinary tract infections
WIND = atelectasis or pneumonia
WALK = deep vein thrombosis
WOUND = surgucal wound infection
WEIRD DRUGS = drug induced fever

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F = Foreign bodies
E = Epithelization
T = Tumors
I = infection
I = Irradiated tissue
I = IBD
D = Distal obstruction

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CT scan indications in trauma setting:

Uncle Nelson ARgues ABout Kids

Unconcious pt after head trauma

Neck injury; to confirm vertebral fracture when Xray is equivocal

Aortic Rupture (after Xray, Before Aortogram)

Abdominal penetrating wound; when gloved finger in ER cant say for sure if theres penetration

Kidney injury leading to blood in urine; blunt abdominal trauma

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