Patient will have 3 of 7 within 12 month period:

"WITHDraw IT":

Withdrawal symptoms

Interest or Important activities given up or reduced

Tolerance

Harm to physical and psychosocial known but continue to use

Desire to cut down, control

Intended time, amount exceeded

Time spent too much

Side effects of psychiatric drugs:
1-antipsychotics=SHADE + the extrapyramidal sideeffects.
S=Sedation
H=Hypotension
A=Anticholinergic
D=dermatological SEs
E=Endocrine(impotence,gynaecomastia……)
2-Antidepresants=SHACSS
S=sedation
H=hypotension
A=anticholinergic
C=cardiac
S=seizure
S=sexual
3-Amtimania(lithium)=ABCDW
A=acne
B=bad thyroid(hypothyroidism)
C=Congenital anomalies(epsteins anomaly)
D=diabetis insipidus
W=Wbc count may increase

These stages can occur in any order or simultaneously;
D: Denial
A: Anger
B: Bargaining
D: Depression
A: Acceptance
"DABDA"

side effects of Lithium.

L - Leucocytosis
I - Insipidus (Diabetic)
T - Tremor, Teratogenicity (especially in the first trimester)
H - Hypothyroidism
I - Increaded Weight Gain
U - Vomitting (substitute V for a U), Nausea, GI disturbances
M - Miscellaneaous - ECG Changes, Acne

Here is another way of remembering the side-effects of Lithium , which is high-yield, as it is the drug of choice for Bipolar disorder.
BLIND CAAT HITS

BLIND -Stands for Visual disturbances
C- for chorea
A for Athetosis
A for Acne
H for Hypothyroidism
I for Insipidus diabetes
T for Tremor and Taste changes
S for Severe weight gain

borderline personality disorder " PRAISE"

P-paranoid

R-relationship instability

A-anger outbursts,abandonment fears,affective instability

I-Impulsiveness, Identity disturbance

S-suicidal behaviour

E-emptiness

Lithium that :-
Renal Function tests and Thyroid function tests are done before instituting therapy.

Count using your 5 fingers for the 5 T’s:

1 finger : Truncus Arteriosus (1 vessel)

2 fingers : Transposition of the Great Arteries (2 vessels transposed)

3 fingers : Tricuspid Atresia (3=Tri)

4 fingers : Tetralogy of Fallot (4=Tetra)

5 fingers : Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (5=5 words)

TERATOLOGY OF FALLOT.
PROVe
-Pulmonary Stenosis
-RVH
-Overriding aorta
-VSD

LEFT TO RIGHT SHUNTS
3 Ds
-VSD
-ASD
-PDA

DiGeorge syndrome..
CATCH-22
-congenital heart disease
-Abnormal facies
-Thymic aplasia
-Cleft palate
-Hypocalcemia
-22q deletion

for di george syndrom everything is 2 ‘di’

chromosom 22

2 organs -thymus and parathyroid

2 abnormalities -aplasia or hypoplasia

2 pouches -3 & 4

bifid uvula

2 facies -falt face like alcohol & fish like mouth-2 f’s

2 systems involved -cVS(ASD, VSD), ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA

2 infections -viral &viral

2 ig -IgA ,IgE

DIAGNOSIS BY 2 H/P &PCR

Rx 2

- thymic transplant and bone marrow transplant

KAWASAKI DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

Kawasaki is also called Muco Cutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome or MCLNS

Diagnostic criteria are

• Fever for > 5 days

+ at least 4 of the following 5 criteria

MCLNS

• M = Mucous membrane changes: injected pharynx, strwberry tongue, injected dry cracked lips
• C = Conjunctivitis: non purulent and bilateral (D/D w scarlet fever)
• L = Limb changes: edema, erythema and periungueal desquamation
• N = Nodes enlargement in the Neck: usulally > 1.5 cm in diameter
• S = Scarlattiniform rash

N. MeninGitidiS has M, G and S in spelling - hence ferments all three sugars - Maltose, Glucose and Sucrose , whereas N. Gonorrhoea has only G - ferments only Glucose

Viruses that have multiple segments of RNA ! : ARBO viruses

A - Arena [2]
R - Reo [10] and Retro [2]
B - Bunya [3]
O - Orthomyxo [8]

Dont confuse these with ARthropod BOrne ones

None of the DNA viruses have a segmented genome

In order to memorize the layers of the lymph nodes and their cellular content , here is this mnemonic :

Bush Found The Pomp (not Bomb) , PLease Call Military Soldiers

The explaining :
Bush Found = B cells in Follicle

The Pomp = T cells in Paracortex

PLease Call = Plasma cells in Cords of Medulla

Military Soldiers = Macrophages in Sinuses of Medulla

one more thing , this sequence is from OUTSIDE to INSIDE, i.e. the most outside layer is Follicle, and the most inside is Sinuses of Medulla.

In STEP 1 they ask about the layer which is not developed in these diseases :
DiGeorge = Paracortex (no T cells)
Brutton`s Disease = Follicles (no B cells)
SCID = Follicles, Paracortex and Cords (no B cells, no T cells, and of course no PLasma cells)

riplet Repeats:

Huntingtons: CAG
(hunter puts animal in a CAGe or Caudate Atrophy Gene)

Myotonic Dystrophy: CTG
-Can’t Tap, and Go
or C- Cardiac arrhythmias and Cataracs
T- Testicular Atrophy
G- Gets worse with generations (Anticipation)

Fragile X: CGG
Congenital Gigantic Gonads (testicular hypertrophy)

Fredrich’s Ataxia: GAA
(can’t think of anything for that one)

Skin layers from deep to sureficial:

Baby Skin Looks Good Condition.

Basal;Spinosa;Lucida;Granulosa;Corneum .

Nice mnemonic is for remembering what a southern, northern and western blot are; the mnem is "snowdrop"…
S…(Southern)………D….(DNA)
N…(Northern)……….R….(RNA)
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
W…(Western)……….P….(Protein)

CADET for movement of the hemoglobin curve to the right
C = Increase in carbon dioxide
A = Acidosis (low ph)
D = Increase in 2.3,DPG
E- = Exercise
T = increase in temperature
So basically everything is increased except ph, which is low causing acidosis

* PDH
* Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
* Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

all use " TLC (tender love and care) For Nancy"

Thiamine pyrophosphate, Lipoic Acid, Coenzyme A, FADH2, NADH

CIA sends soldiers from Michigan/Ontario

C-citrate
I-isocitrate
A-alph KG
S-succinyl COA
S-succinate
F-fumarate
M-malate
O-oxaloacetate

essential amino acids
PVT TIM HALL
Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine
Lysine
Leucine

Collared Central Intelligence Agent Spoke Slander For Money.

C-Citrate synthatase
C- Cis -aconitase
I- Isocitrate dehydrogenase
A-Alpha ketogluturate
S-Succinyl CoA thiokinase
S-Succinase
F- Fumarase
M-Malate Dehydrogenase

Any Help In Learning
These Little Molecules
Proves Truly Valuable!

Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine,
Threonine, Lysine, Methionine,
Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Valine

PVT TIM HALL : The 10 essential amino acids

P= Phenylalanine
V= Valine
T=Threonine
T=Tryptophan
I=Isoleucine
H=Histidine
A=Arginine
L=Leucine
L=Lysine

ToMYs GirlFrind is AHa!!

TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT DISORDERS:
everywhere it is repeat of C__G , where __ stands for:

T(CTG) : in Myotonia dystrophica

G(CGG): in FRagile x syndrome

A(CAG) : Hungtons chorea and other disorder

Do Enter After the Bell

Cyclin D/E - G1 S
Cyclin A - S G2
Cyclin B - G2 M

Learning the Cofactors for Enzymes is Painful so you hit them with a BAP!
BAP! Tender Loving Care for Noone!

(BAP needs TLCFN)

Branched Chain Ketoacid DH
Alpha ketoglutarage DH
PDH
(by the way, all are DH enzymes; ALL DH enzymes produce NADH)

they need:

TTP from Thiamine (B1)
Lipoic Acid (Synthesized; not from a vitamin)
CoA (from Pantothenate)
FAD(H2) from Riboflavin (B2)
NAD(H) from Niacin (B3)

To remember what TLCFN comes from its: BSPRN (bull sh.. prn)

Another one:

Carboxylases need ABC:
ATP, Biotin, CO2

All Dehydrogenases: make NADH

All Kinases: Phosphorylate (KINdly put a phosphate on)

All Phosphatases: DEphosphorylate (PhosphaTASE, TAKES off Phosphate)

Glucagon puts Phosphate ON (phosphorylates); and INversely INsulin does the opposite (dephosphorylate)

This is a good way to remember what enzymes of which pathways are active/inactive in phosphorylated/dephosphorylated form

eg. Insulin activates Glycolysis, and Glycogen synthesis, so the enzymes that it activates in those pathways will be active in DEphosphorylated form.

and: Glucagon activates Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis, so the enzymes that it activates in those pathways will be active in Phosphorylated form.

eukaryotic RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase III–>tRNA

Three goes with T

mRNA–> choose m for Middle number

so RNA poly II–> mRNA

RNA poly ONE is the Real ONE

poly I–> rRNA

essential amino acid

PuT HIM All on TV

P: phenylalanine
T: Threonine
H: histidine
I: Isoleucine
M: methionine

A:argine
L:lysine
L:Leccine
T: tryptophan
V : valine

FABRY’S
Foam cells found in glomeruli and tubules
Angiokeratomas/ Alfa galactosidase A deficiency
Burning pain in extremeties/ BUN elevated
Renal failure
YX (males, x linked recessive)
Sphingolipidosis

Elevated BUN: ABCD
Azotemia
Bleeding
Catabolic status
Diet (too much protein via IV)

Urea cycle intermediates:

Ordinarily, Careless Crappers Are Also Frivolous About Urination

Ornithine

Citrulline

Aspartate (enters the cycle)

Argininosuccinate

Fumarate (leaves the cycle)

Arginine

Urea (leaves the cycle)

-from FA-